Thomas, Evert Valdivia, Jheyson Alcázar Caicedo, Carolina Quaedvlieg, Julia Wadt, Lucia Helena O. NTFP harvesters as citizen scientists: Validating traditional and crowdsourced knowledge on seed production of Brazil nut trees in the Peruvian Amazon Productivity estimates might even be sourced from harvesters through registers on an annual basis Our findings suggest that productivity estimates of Brazil nut trees and possibly other NTFP-producing species could replace or complement actual measurements, which are very expensive and labour intensive, at least in areas where harvesters have a tradition of collecting NTFPs from the same trees over multiple years or decades. This is reassuring as Brazil nut concession holders, and NTFP harvesters at large, rely on their knowledge to guide the management of the trees upon which their extractive economies are based. As expected, nearly all TEK on Brazil nut productivity was corroborated by our data. Furthermore, we compared the relationships between seed production and a number of phenotypic, phytosanitary and environmental variables described in literature with those obtained for the seed production estimates and found high consistency between them, justifying the use of the dataset for validating TEK and innovative hypothesis testing. We compared productivity estimates with actual field measurements carried out in the study area and found a positive correlation between them. Drawing on seed production estimates of >135,000 individual Brazil nut trees from >400 concessions and ethno-ecological interviews with >80 concession holders, here we aimed to (i) assess the accuracy of seed production estimates by Brazil nut seed harvesters, and (ii) validate their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the variables that influence Brazil nut production. In the Peruvian Amazon it is organized in a concession system. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) seed harvesting from natural forests is one of the cornerstone NTFP economies in Amazonia. Understanding the factors that underlie the production of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), as well as regularly monitoring production levels, are key to allow sustainability assessments of NTFP extractive economies. Thomas, Evert Valdivia, Jheyson Alcázar Caicedo, Carolina Quaedvlieg, Julia Wadt, Lucia Helena O Corvera, Ronald NTFP harvesters as citizen scientists: Validating traditional and crowdsourced knowledge on seed production of Brazil nut trees in the Peruvian Amazon. This review summarizes the current knowledge on tree nut allergens and describes their physicochemical and immunological characterization and clinical relevance. For hazelnut and walnut several allergens have been identified which are already partly applied in component resolved diagnosis, while for other tree nuts such as macadamia, coconut, and Brazil nut only individual allergens were identified and data on additional allergenic proteins are missing.
The general term " tree nuts" comprises a number of nuts, seeds, and drupes, derived from trees from different botanical families. The reported prevalence of tree nut allergy is up to 4.9% worldwide.
However, they are also a potent source of allergenic proteins inducing IgE mediated hypersensitivity often causing serious, life-threatening reactions. Tree nuts are considered as part of a healthy diet due to their high nutritional quality.
Geiselhart, Sabine Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin Bublin, Merima Tree nut oils are appreciated in food applications because of their flavors and are generally more expensive than other gourmet oils. The major tree nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachio nuts, and walnuts. USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
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